Analyse the Political Implications of Concentrated Media Ownership and Control free essay sample

The media is primarily used to disseminate information. It is a platform for communication between the people and those who hold authority. In today’s world the media has an immense role in the functioning of society and has the ability to reach a mass audience through technologies such as print, Internet, television, film and radio. There has been increasing concern over the growing concentration of media ownership as well as how this increased media control influences and shapes democracy. Concentrated media ownership refers to the number of individuals or corporations who control an increasing share in the mass media market, which at present is very few. For example, eleven out of twelve major Australian Newspapers are owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation or John Fairfax Holdings (Independent Australia, 2011). Society has seen media moguls, such as Rupert Murdoch, dominate cross-media ownership with companies in print, television, film etc. The media and politics are closely intertwined and with an increase in concentrated media ownership and control, issues such as political bias; the trivialisation and sensationalism of political issues in the pursuit of profits; and the decreasing amout of editorial diversity and expression, have become issues of concern for the consumers of this mass media. Street describes bias as â€Å"the idea that the practices of journalists and editors result in articles and programmes that favour one view of the world over another, providing sustenance for one set of interests while undermining an alternative† (Street, 2011). Bias is a large issue within all media, and authorities enforce a myriad of regulations and restrictions on media corporations to try and eliminate it. With an increase in media concentration, and the power that the media yields, eliminating political bias within the media has become an important issue. Since most of the media institutions are owned by corporations, such as Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation, the most common assumption is that the media as a whole may be influenced by its owners. For instance, there are times when the owners decision may affect the kind of information that media would disclose to the public. Wagner makes the point that â€Å"the news media distribute much of the information we receive about the world around us. Thousands of politicians, policy researchers and opinion makers wish to transmit information to the public at large. The news media serve as intermediaries in this information market, selecting to transmit a fraction of the millions of potential messages to an audience† (Wagner, 1997). For example, Rupert Murdoch’s Fox News channel was been criticised for its right-tilted news coverage. Murdoch has always been seen to favour the conservative side of politics and the Fox News channel has been seen to show preference toward the Republican Government in America. Fox Founder and president Rodger Ailes was a republican political operative in Washington. He helped with The Nixon and Reagan campaigns as well as the elder Bush’s media strategy for his presidentiary campaign in 1988 (Ackerman, 2001). David Asman, The Fox News Channel’s daytime anchor was known for his association with the right- wing Wall Street Journal. Another anchor for Fox News, Tony Snow, was a conservative columnist and also the chief speechwriter for the first bush administration (Ackerman, 2001). The Fox News Channel also hosted employees and presenters such as Eric Breindel, John Moody and Bill O’Reilly, all of whom were known for their conservative, right wing views (Ackerman, 2001). Rupert Murdock stated, â€Å" I challenge anybody to show me an example of bias in Fox News Channel. (Ackerman, 2001) However, looking at the individuals that were in charge of disseminating the news at Fox, it is hard to believe that none of the political stories covered by Fox did not favour the more conservative side of American politics. Media conglomerates, such as News Corporation, have the ability to sway public opinion and with the increasing control they have access to, it is naive to think that they would not use this power to influence and sway public opinion to fit with their own agendas and ideologies. The size of the enormous media firms of today exceeds the size of the largest firms fifteen years ago by a factor of ten. (McChesney, 1999). With this increase in the size of the major media corporations also comes the increased pursuit of profits by these firms. Sometimes, this pursuit of profit can be to the detriment of information and in turn democracy. Corporations look for stories that will attract and entertain readers and viewers, sometimes neglecting stories that hold high information content and reflect political policies and agendas. McChesney refers to this need to aximise profits when he states â€Å"With the tremendous pressure to attract audiences but to keep costs down and not take chances, the standard route of the media giants is to turn to the tried and true formulas of sex and violence, always attention getters† (McChesney, 1999, p34). With the increased emphasis on profit maximisation and the commercialisation of news media, there is a risk that consumers of news media will cease to have access to information regarding smaller issues in society such as local political policy/s and other more localised issues. Because these issues are small and aren’t seen as revenue earners, or important issues, they may be sacrificed to make way for big stories and scandals. In other words, profit and revenue may become more important, in the eyes of media conglomerates, than information. The pure size of the media and its influence over information has huge impacts on democracy and politics. Meier (2011) sites Giddens in his work. Giddens talks about the trivializing of political issues and personas and states â€Å" The media have a double relation to democracy. On the one hand the emergence of a global information society is a powerful democratising force. Yet, television, and the other media, tend to destroy the very public space of dialogue they open up, through relentless trivializing, and personalizing of political issues. Moreover, the growth of giant multinational media corporations means that unelected business tycoons can hold enormous power† (p 298). In essence, Giddens is stating that while news media and media corporations may broadcast political issues and policies, these views are somewhat destroyed with the constant emphasis on the politicians themselves. Because of this a great deal of emphasis is taken away from the real political issues. An example of this is the constant criticism of Julia Gillard and her lifestyle. For example, she is an unmarried woman; her partner is a hairdresser. There is also constant evaluation of her hairstyle, wardrobe, her figure and her voice. Gillard is constantly known for stabbing Kevin Rudd in the back. She has also been portrayed as untrustworthy as well as a liar. Instead of the media evaluating and critiquing her policies and looking critically at her as a leader, we see the media sensationalising the above trivial issues instead of concentrating on what she is doing for the country politically. As Media concentration and control increases, diversity of expression decreases. In all healthy democracies, a wide range of assorted opinions are offered, and media offer a large variety of different positions, values and biases. No individual is obliged to accept any particular position or argument, but they are encouraged to have put their own views and criticisms forward. The core problem that comes with media concentration is that it diminishes ideological diversity within the media system. Studies have been conducted that show that although there may be more media outlets, there is not necessarily more information or diversity in media. â€Å"Rather than the new platforms leading to a diversity of voices, voices are in fact being snuffed out†¦ An analysis of independent media showed that 96 per cent of stories simply came from recycling stories found in the mainstream press. However, The study also showed that the mainstream press was producing 73 percent less information than 10 years ago† (independent Australia, 2011). Curran states that â€Å"they can use their financial power to drive new entrants out of the marketplace by launching expensive promotional campaigns, offering discounts to advertisers or buying up key creative personnel† (Curran, 2005) Because of the increased power of media corporations, they have the ability to eliminate their competition and therefore decrease the amount of diversity available to the consumer. Robert W. McChesney outlines in his book Corporate Media and the Threat to Democracy that there are three factors that allow democracy to work at its best. The first is â€Å" it helps when there are not significant disparities in economic wealth and property ownership across the society† (1997, p5). The second requires there to be â€Å" a sense of community and a notion that an individuals well- being is determined to no small extent by the community’s well-being† (1997, p5). Finally McChesney states â€Å"democracy requires that there be an effective system of political communication† (1997, p5). Media concentration and control works to the detriment of each of these factors. Firstly the multi billion dollar media corporations, do not represent economic equality within the society, in fact they help to make the gap between the working classes and authority increase. Media concentration disputes McChesney’s second factor as media moguls and corporations have become increasingly focused on the pursuit of large profits and personal gain, and are not heavily influenced around society’s wellbeing. Finally, an effective system of political communication should be based around diversity of news coverage and diversity of political issues, both locally and nationally, large and small. However, with the increasing size of corporations the diversity of expression has steadily decreased. Australia has one of the highest media concentrations in the free world. With the increasing control held by mass media conglomerates various political issues arise such as political bias; the trivialisation and sensationalism of political issues in the pursuit of profits; and the decreasing amount of editorial diversity and expression. The above issues threaten democracy and the media must be regulated and controlled before it threatens how the political system in Australia functions. Governments need to manage media moguls, such as Rupert Murdock before they gain too much power, and control, over political issues and coverage. The key to a democratic society is freedom of information, positive political debate and communication. These key functions of a democratic society are being threatened by concentrated mass media and the increasing control held by these corporations.

The True Story About Inductive Essay Topics That the Experts Dont Want You to Hear

The True Story About Inductive Essay Topics That the Experts Don't Want You to Hear So as to compose a great essay, you want to appear through deductive essay topics and choose one. Naturally, you could always write it yourself, but if you get deductive essay from us, you will receive a professional, well-written essay and plenty of free moment! By discussing all the possible conclusions, the essay would lose its focus and have very little effect on the reader. By way of example, in a literature program, an individual may be asked to give a characterization essay of the protagonist. When there is not much to no present literature on a topic, it's common to carry out inductive research since there is not any theory to test. If there's no theory yet, you can't conduct deductive research. The second part is named EVIDENCE. All facts ought to be strong and convincing. They should be based on credible sources. Many facts make it simpler to convince the reader. Give because many facts as possible. To begin with, it only appears easy in Sherlock Holmes. Your conclusion will serve as a proof for the premise. The concept is quite easy. In premise you're expected to provide reasons and the basic advice on which you will draw the conclusion. Each paragraph focuses on a specific aspect or a certain point, using detail and examples to result in a particular conclusion. At the close of the introduction, the reader should get an idea and the potential standpoint you might take. Thus, the individual's vague conclusion can lead them towards a wrong direction in the specific circumstance. Grouping Write a succinct clarification (expression or a brief sentence) of the topic of your factious article on the focus of a little paper and circle it. Simply speaking, it's a fact-finding research whose objective is to present factual a conclusion. Most often it's challenging and at times not possible. The very first example, on the flip side, jumps from every instance in the past to each instance period. The second paragraph focuses on the evidence, the bit of information you're analyzing to be able to correlate it together with premises. You can talk about the laws which were made following the public opinion. In the event the premises are reasonable, and the last claim is related to the premises, the conclusion is quite inclined to be true (Hurley, 16). The initial one is the premise, which is among the very important facets that can help you in moving on with your task. If anyone would like to improve their vocabulary, it's crucial to learn and acquire literary and specialized vocabulary. The thesis could relate to a wide selection of different philosophical or political problems. A deductive essay is a significant factor when evaluating the degree of students' knowledge in quite a few courses. An essay writing service can be an important teaching and learning tool for everybody involved with education. Deductive arguments have many distinct forms. Keep in mind a deduct ive essay is evaluating your analytical abilities, together with your usage of language and expression. Inductive reasoning is dependent on your capacity to recognize meaningful patterns and connections. It can often be hidden inside a deductive argument. It is quite a bit easier to decide whether the argument is in a right form and logical. A premise is a simple fact or belief that's used as the foundation for drawing conclusions. There are phrases individuals may use in arguments to indicate they are deductive. The structure of the argument may seem logical, but it's based on observations and generalizations as opposed to indisputable facts. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Inductive Essay Topics Working with us, you won't ever feel disappointed as it is our sole objective to fulfill our customers' expectations. The initial four decades of college education ought to be provided free to all American citizens that are able. There will be a number of able Americans in colleges in the initial four decades of college education because it will be free. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline.

Research Paper Topics - Arguments and Persuasive Research Paper Topics

Research Paper Topics - Arguments and Persuasive Research Paper TopicsArgumentative and persuasive research paper topics can be just the thing to make you stand out in a crowd. Take some time to think about some of the best ones and when you find yourself needing some ideas, it is often best to ask for help.Arguments and persuasive research paper topics should include examples that illustrate your points. A strong argument requires a strong argumentative and persuasive research paper topic. So, how do you find the best argumentative and persuasive research paper topics?You can ask your professor for advice, but unless you know them well, arguments and research paper topics may not always be obvious. For example, if your professor is currently considering changing the course you are taking, you may be able to ask about their research paper topics or ask them to give you some suggestions. Or, you can take a long walk together and talk about the things that might interest you. There are many people who have enjoyed great rapport with their professors because they are so willing to listen.However, it may not always be possible to go to your professor for help with your argumentative and persuasive research paper topics. Your potential employer will also need to have the same knowledge of research paper topics as you. While many people like to feel as though they are one step ahead of the game, your employer may not always be capable of taking the same advice you are. It's best to be proactive and reach out to your employer for help.If you are feeling self-conscious about asking for professional help, remember that asking someone else for help is often a turn-off. Remember that it is important to do your research before asking for help, as well as know how to ask for help when it comes to your argumentative and persuasive research paper topics. Making a bad first impression is often worse than making no impression at all.When you approach your employer for help, tak e the time to explain how you are going to go about the project, as well as your motivation for doing it. After the meeting, be prepared to include details about your argumentative and persuasive research paper topics. Being prepared, even if your employer agrees, will help you feel more confident about the outcome of your project. When you know what you are going to discuss, it makes it easier to ask questions of your employer, as well as write your conclusion.When you are researching your argumentative and persuasive research paper topics, it's also important to keep in mind what it is that you are trying to accomplish. Just because you're planning to use an argumentative and persuasive research paper topic doesn't mean that you should use it without any thought. You'll need to research other topics and ways to frame your argument before you decide what best fits your paper.The topics you choose for your argumentative and persuasive research paper topics will likely depend on the way you want to present your work. While some research paper topics allow you to stay relatively close to your topic, others may require you to be much more creative. It is always best to consider your audience when you are choosing your topic for your argumentative and persuasive research paper topics.

How to Write a Common Application College Essay Topic

How to Write a Common Application College Essay TopicThe more popular college essays are essays. Papers, essays, test essays - all forms of essays are good enough for an academic journey. College essays are designed to hold the interest of students, professors and even parents. An excellent essay is a well-written application of your ideas in an intelligent way.Essays are the common application for a college or school. They can vary from application for freshman entrance examinations, core curriculum or book report for courses, a seminar report, a research essay, project report or dissertation.Colleges and universities have a set of guidelines for essay writing. College essays can be based on the year's syllabus or one for the upcoming college semester. There are also essays that can be created based on your own ideas.Students must know the correct format for a college essay, either to maximize their chances of an interesting and informative essay or to protect the honor of the stude nt. Some basic rules of creating essays help students write appropriate essays.Essay topic list should include the academic department, the student, the topic of the essay, the writers' self, the deadline, personal background and whether the essay will be submitted online or offline. It would also include an introduction, theme, main ideas, main thoughts, thesis statement, introduction to argument, conclusion, evaluation, notes, and the list of names of three references, but students are allowed to make minor changes to these suggestions.During the submission, some features of each submission should be included so that it would be preserved and offered by the numerous students. This is a good idea for all students, especially those who have been writing essays for some time, since editing and proofreading is an important part of any essay.The essay should not be difficult or time consuming, but rather simple. A college essay does not need to be long, but one need to create an intere sting story and point of view. Many students like to add their own ideas, both personal and common application college essay topics are great topics for you to use.

Sample Essay Reference Page

Sample Essay Reference PageOne of the things that you will need to understand is that there are a few different ways that you can create a sample essay reference page. The first option is to write up a fairly short essay and submit it to an online writing service that will provide it to you for free. This is generally a great choice because you have very little to do and it is simple to edit the content.However, this does not always work. Sometimes if you write something with a purpose that you are trying to accomplish, the writing service will not provide you with enough material to make your essay worthy of consideration. So instead of submitting a completely blank page that could potentially be turned into a resume, you should look into another method for creating a sample essay reference page. One that I am more familiar with is creating a guide for an essay.In other words, you can take a short essay that you have written and edit it by putting in paragraphs where you want to add information about a topic that you want to talk about. Then you can turn the whole thing into a guide that is going to include all of the information that you need to help you with writing an excellent essay. You can then re-format it as needed, creating it in Word and then sending it to someone who is knowledgeable in academic writing. This will ensure that you get the most out of the sample essay reference page.As I mentioned before, I am more familiar with doing this type of editing to help me create an essay reference page. But, you can certainly find a way to accomplish the same task if you know how to do it.There are several tools available to create a sample essay reference page. Some of them are downloadable, while others are available on CDs and DVDs.If you have done the research and have taken the time to create a reference page, you will be glad that you did because it will serve you well in the future. Having a short essay that you can copy and paste into your resume wi ll help you when applying for a job and later on in your life. Remember, the one thing that you need to do to make sure that you get a job is to make sure that you do a good job of developing yourself and make yourself into a strong candidate.So take the time to make a quality sample essay reference page today so that you can have it ready when you need it the most. You may find that there are several benefits to do so.

Wells Fargo .docx Essays - Financial District, San Francisco

Jarrod Davis February 4, 2018 Salesmanship Prof. Ceesay Well Fargo Scandal You would think that because you bank with one of the four big national banks in the United States, you and your money would be in safe keeping right? However, that is not always the case as we saw in the 2015 Well Fargo Scandal Case. Back in 2008 there was a newly hired personal banker by the name of Yesenia Guitron who saw a pattern in her co-workers opening up accounts for customers without their knowledge or consent. The young woman brought the concerns to management, but of course they were well aware of the scandals, but wanted to sweep it under the rug. She continued to climb the management chain until she was fired for "not meeting sales quotas." After being fired, in an attempt to sue Wells Fargo along with another employee, she lost the case, but sparked a movement for more allegations of malpractice to come forward. Finally, in 2015, the bank was being sued by LA city attorney's office for fraudulent accounts. In order to save face, Wells Fargo settled and now has to pay $ 185 million in fines to the city of Los Angeles, as well as two government agencies, and restitution to customers. Within the last few days the government has put a haul to the growth of the bank until it has satisfied its redistribution of funds to the proper parties. Works Cited Koren , James. "It's Been a Year since the Wells Fargo Scandal Broke - and New Problems Are Still Surfacing." Los Angeles Times , Los Angeles Times, www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-wells-fargo-one-year-20170908-story.html.

Lack of Ethics in the Construction Industry essays

Lack of Ethics in the Construction Industry essays Ethical challenges in the construction industry are bid shopping, no-payment issues, lying, "lawyering up," inflated claims, false claims, threats, and even employee embezzlement. As an employee of a specialty trade subcontractor, Im going to be looking at bid shopping, no payment, over billing illegal aliens, and wage theft. With oftentimes razor thin margins and stiff competition, construction companies try to maximize profits by any means necessary. Bid shopping has been the longtime leader of unethical practices. Its the process by which solicited bids are divulged as leverage with contractors to lower their prices. This is seen more often in specialty and trade contractors. Bid shopping may lead to a breakdown in trust and collaboration and is likely to cause a more contentious atmosphere between owners, contractors, and subcontractors. Non-payment issues have become a fast growing problem. The economic downturn hit the construction industry hard. Many contractors found themselves without new work on the horizon and/or stuck in one of the many stages of a project. Even before the recession began, payment has been a hot topic in the industry. Contractors would use excuses such as unacceptable product or technicalities of a contract (insurance, hours to be worked, performance) as a means to withhold payment. Contractors have often over-bid the price on projects. It is believed that contractors should unbalance the bid/front-end load of the project even though they collect money in a timely manner. If a contractor, particularly a subcontractor, doesn't unbalance the bid, the difference in cash disbursed against cash received on a project can be enormous, and no one would notice, because most accounting systems do not detect it, he says. When examining the job, you will find that you are funding labor and other costs but you're not being paid in a timely manner. Another issue I find even mor...